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============================================================================== = Copyright © 1990, 1991, 1992 Pete Keleher. All Rights Reserved. ============================================================================== The Author(s) of this product are in no way liable for any direct or indirect damage caused by the product. You may freely copy and distribute ALPHA, but please bear in mind that ALPHA is Shareware. If you decide to keep it, please register your copy by sending $25 to the author. Site licences are $110. Source licenses are also available, inquire with the author. If you include an internet (or Compuserve) address with your registration, I will notify you when new versions become available. Please make any check or money order out to Pete Keleher, NOT TO RICE UNIVERSITY. E-mail address: pete@rice.edu Snail-mail address: Pete Keleher P.O. Box 1892 Dept. of Computer Science Rice University Houston, TX 77251-1892 I am collecting user-written Tcl procs and XTCLs in public/Alpha/contrib on cs.rice.edu. If you have written anything that you think may be of general interest, please send it to me and I will make it available. Thanks to Masatsugu Nagata, Karl J. Smith, Tim Endres, Eric Sink, David C. Black, Richard T. Austin, Tom Scavo, and Jerry Fowler. What to do: USE THE "Sections" MENU IN THIS FILE!. This file contains "marks" that let you jump to different sections of this file. Mouse-down on the box that says "Sections" and move to the section you need. Alpha is a very powerful, multi-purpose editor that allows any program- or user-defined function to be bound to any keystroke, or placed into user-defined menus. Only the "File", "Edit", and "Search" menus are predefined and immutable. The rest are defined in the startup file ("AlphaBits.tcl") or files sourced from inside it. Alpha uses Dr. Ousterhout's Tool Command Language (Tcl) as an extension language. See the "Help" menu for a complete definition of the language. Alpha uses a port of Tcl done by Tim Endres for his "Tickle" application, and supports many of the same extensions. Many of the functions bound to keystrokes, as well as many of the functions in the user-defined menus, are written in Tcl. Callable functions in Alpha come in three different flavors. First, there are the basic Alpha editor functions; these are discussed in the section entitled "Simple Cmds" below. These functions take no arguments and do not return values. Second, there are additional Tcl extensions discussed in the "Alpha Tcl Extensions" help file (look in the "Help" menu). Most of these functions either take arguments or return values. Finally, there are the Tcl functions defined with "proc". Most of Alpha's predefined functions are in "procs.tcl", some are in "shell.tcl". The only way to get to know the editor and the language is to try different things out. Play around. Choose "Misc:List Bindings" to get a listing of all the current keystoke bindings. Look in "procs.tcl" for definitions of the routines. Look in "AlphaBits.tcl" for definitions of the last six menus. And finally, please feel free to send suggestions/"feature" reports/questions to me at pete@cs.rice.edu. I am not able to answer US postal mail, but if you send it to me I will at least read it. Have fun! Finally, memory usage and startup speed. Alpha uses a lot of memory, and it takes a while to start up. One important reason for this is that the default setup executes a large amount of Tcl code. Much of this you probably won't need. "procs.tcl" has over 1000 lines of code it it. Much of this you probably won't use every day, and can be cut out. "procs.tcl" includes the file "latex.tcl", which has 600 more lines of tcl. If you don't use these functions, change the following line in "procs.tcl": set usingLatex 1 to set usingLatex 0 The next you start up Alpha the Latex functions won't be loaded. Additionally, "globbing" while creating file sets can take a significant amount of time (look at the beginning of "procs.tcl"). ============================================================================== = Reading and Storing Files ============================================================================== The primary method of either reading or storing files with Alpha, or any other Mac editor, is through the GetFile and PutFile dialogs. However, Alpha's dialogs are not exactly like those of other applications. The GetFile dialog has two additional items: a "Readonly" checkbox and an "All Files" checkbox. The first allows you to open a file as read only. Files in the readonly state can not be modified, only read. A writable file is indicated by a pen icon to the left of the horizontal scrollbar. A readonly file is indicated by a pen with a line through it. If you change your mind about the file, it's readonly status can be changed by clicking on the pen icon. The second checkbox, "All Files", allows Alpha to open any file rather than just those of type 'TEXT'. The type of a file can be determined by using the 'll' alias in the Tcl shell. The PutFile dialog is used to prompt the user for a new name under which to save the contents of a window. This dialog has been enhanced by two popup menus: "State" and "Format". "State" allows you to specify how much information should be saved in the resource fork of files that you use. If the state is set to "MPW", window position, current selection, tab sizes, and font information are saved into the resource fork of your application every time you open and close it, *even if you don't modify the file*. Alpha still manages to coexist with build or make files because saving this information does not change the modification date of the file. If the state is set to "Think", neither the window position nor the current selection are saved. If state is set to "None", no information is saved. The default value for saved state can by changed by setting the Alpha variable 'savedState' to "mpw", "think", or "none". Note that if a given file already has mpw information in it when the file is open, Alpha will always update that information when the file is closed. Note also that "marks" are always saved in the resource fork whenever a file is saved, regardless of the setting of the 'savedState' variable. The "Format" menus allows the way Alpha terminates lines to be changed. The Mac uses a carriage return to mark the end of a line, Unix uses a linefeed, and IBM uses both (of course). Alpha can read and write any of these formats, and can convert between them just by opening a file, choosing "Save As", and changing the selection in this menu. Note that if you are going to be sharing files with a Unix or IBM machine, you probably don't want anything in your resource fork, so you'd probably want to set 'savedState' to 'none' in your AlphaBits.tcl file. ============================================================================== = The Window ============================================================================== Alpha's windows have several non-standard features. First, on the title bar at the left, there are either one or two boxes. If there is only one box, the box implements a popup menu of all marks set in the file. If there are two boxes, the left box implements a popup menu of all functions in the current file (as defined by the 'funcExpr' regular expression) and the right box implements the mark menu. These boxes can be turned off via the flag 'showMenuHeads' in the "Utils:Flags" submenu. On the right of the titlebar, there is a running display of the current row and column. These boxes can be turned off via the 'showRowCol' flag. All title-bar boxes are turned off when Alpha is using full names for window titles. At the bottom of the window, the first box is a status display area. Also, "Utils:Execute…" prompts for a Tcl expression in this space. To the right of the status area is an icon displaying the readonly status of the file. If the icon is just a pen, the file is writable. If the icon is a pen w/ a bar through it, the file is not writable. The readonly status of the window can be toggled by clicking on the icon. To the right of the readonly icon area is the mode display area. Alpha allows you to have any number of different modes, w/ different bindings and behavior in each. The mode display not only shows the current mode, but also implements a popup menu allowing you to change the current mode for the window. ============================================================================== = Marks ============================================================================== Alpha allows the user to use "marks" to remember positions in files. Marks "float". That is, if a mark is initially at position 312 and then five characters are inserted at location 297, the mark's new value will be 317. Alpha uses three different types of marks. The first is generically referred to as "the mark". The mark is set to the current insertion point by the command 'setMark' (command-space by default). The position in the file indicated by the blinking cursor is referred to as the current insertion point. Many commands (such as "cut" and "copy") can operate either on the currently selected (hilighted) text, or the text between the current insertion point and "the mark". For example, if you move the cursor to the beginning of the work "allybaba", hit command-space (the status bar should say "Mark set"), move to the end of the word and hit option-w (the status bar should say "Region copied"), the effect is the same as if you had used the mouse to select the text and then selected the "Copy" command from the "Edit" menu. The second type of mark are the permanent marks. Permanent marks are set, removed, and moved-to through the three corresponding menu items in the "Search" menu. Permanent marks differ from the generic mark in that they have names, there can be any number of them, and they are saved in the resource fork if the file is subsequently saved. The third type of mark is the temporary mark. Like permanent marks, temporary marks can be named and there can be any number of them. Unlike permanent marks, temporary marks do not "dirty" the file, and they aren't saved. So far, temporary marks are used exclusively to implement higher order functions in TCL procedures. In the 5.0 release, temporary marks are used to implement a "mark stack" and a for loop template. At the time a file is saved, the marks for that file are stored into the file's resource fork in an order determined by the variable 'markSorting'. The choices are either 0 (no sorting), 1 (sort by file position), or 2 (sort alphabetically). ============================================================================== = The Mark Stack ============================================================================== The mark stack is a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack of temporary marks managed by the TCL procedures 'pushMark' and 'popMark'. 'pushMark' creates a new temporary mark of the current insertion point and adds it on to the top of the stack. 'popMark' removes the top mark from the stack and goes toit. A typical use of the mark stack is a 'pushMark' at the current position, go look somewhere else in the file, and then 'popMark' to get back to where you were. However, the stack is recursive, so there can be any number of 'pushMarks' before the marks start to be popped back off the stack. ============================================================================== = Templates ============================================================================== Temporary marks can also be used to with language construct templates. The file "template.tcl" contains an example implementing a template for C's 'for' command. Depressing control-i will insert a template for the "for" command into the current window. Five temporary marks are defined in the for structure, three inside the parenthesis, one where the "for" body text will be inserted, and one after outside the for body entirely. Depressing control-shift-i moves the cursor to the next of the five temporary marks allowing quick entry of the entire command. ============================================================================== = The Tool Command Language (TCL) ============================================================================== See the Tcl manual page under the 'Help' menu for a complete description of Tcl, the Tcl shell, and it's commands. Each of the Tcl commands and several sections have a mark defined, so you can use the "Mark" titlebar menu to navigate through the manual page. ============================================================================== = Key Bindings ============================================================================== Any TCL command can be bound to any single keystroke. One way to bind a function is with a statement such as: bind 'c' <modifier string> funcName [<mode>] where c is a character, <modifier string> is an optional string containing one or more of: c - command modifier o - option modifier s - shift modifier z - control modifier e - escape modifier Additionally, the modifier string can contain a capital letter specifying that the binding is only activated if preceded by control and the lowercase version of that letter. This feature allows multiple-key combinations ala Emacs. The following line binds cmd-shift-f to the function 'forwardChar': bind 'f' <cs> forwardChar The next line would bind the same function to C-x C-f: bind 'f' <cX> forwardChar 'mode' is an optional parameter that specifies, when present, that the binding is only active in a given mode, where the current mode is the parameter to the last call of 'displayMode' (look in "procs.tcl"). Note that given a general binding (no mode specification) and a binding specific to the current mode, the last binding to have been created is the one found first. Additionally, most keyboards have keypads and/or Function Keys. These keys can be bound using case-insensitive numeric labels using the same bind command as above, with the label replacing the character. For example, to bind F1 to function 'funcName', the following would work: bind F1 funcName As above, the binding can include a modifier string. The following labels are defined for US keyboards: Esc F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 Help Home Pgup Del End Pgdn Left Right Up Down Clear Kpad0 Kpad1 Kpad2 Kpad3 Kpad4 Kpad5 Kpad6 Kpad7 Kpad8 Kpad9 Kpad= Kpad/ Kpad* Kpad- Kpad+ Enter Kpad. The function 'listBindings' will list all of the bindings currently in effect in a format suitable for re-loading. The above labels may not be sufficient for all keyboards (attention international users). If a hex number is used instead of a character inside the single quotes, the binding is done to key codes instead of ascii values. The following is a key code version of the same binding: bind 0x03 <cs> forwardChar The key code for any given key can be obtained by using the 'keyCode' function. Also, there is an alternate form that allows the specification of an ascii code directly: ascii 0x20 <z> setMark Binds control-space to 'setMark'. Note that menu item command equivalents take precedence over bindings, and that the 'bind' command does not affect the command equivalents displayed in the menus. Command equivalents can only be changed by using an external tool like 'ResEdit'. Also note that key code bindings take precedence over ascii bindings. ============================================================================== = Menus ============================================================================== Alpha's menus are completely reconfigurable. Some of the menu items are internal alpha commands, while others are Tcl procs defined in one of the files of the "Tcl" subdirectory. Most of these procs are defined in "procs.tcl". The following is an explanation of the default menus. The explanations of items that are defined as Tcl procs are implemented by the Tcl proc specified by "(proc <name>)", and can be found in one of the .tcl files. All others are internal functions. File New New file. Open… Open file. Open Selection Extend the current selection w/ a ".h" suffix and try to open the file named by the resulting selection. The file is looked for in the directories named by 'includePath'. (proc openSelection) Close Close file. Save Save file. SaveAs… Prompt for name to same file under. Revert Revert to last saved version, throw away undo history. Shell Start up command-line shell that interprets Tcl commands. The shell has a few csh-type features, such as 'ls', 'rm', etc. commands, as well as file completion with the TAB key. Page Setup… Set print options. Print… Print file. Quit Quit Alpha. Edit Undo Undo. Redo Redo. Load Window Load Selection Execute either the window or the selection as Tcl source. Cut Cut selection to scrap. Copy Copy selection to scrap. Paste Paste from scrap. Yank Paste last deleted text. Concatenates together consecutive, adjoining deletions. Select All Select entire file. Clear Delete selection. Shift Left Shift selection left one tab. Shift Right Shift selection right one tab. Balance Select text out to the next set of matching braces. Hilite Select text between current insertion and the generic "mark". Or, if there is already a selection, unselect the text, place the insertion at the beginning of the unselection, and place the "mark" at the end of the unselection. The function 'exchangePointAndMark' (by default mapped to the "5" on the keypad) exchanges the character positions of the insertion and the "mark". Search Find.. Present a search dialog. Repeat Search Forward Search forward again w/ same settings. Repeat Search Backward Search backward again w/ same settings. Find in Next File Restart multiple-file search in next file after stopping at a match. Enter Selection Make the current selection the text to be searched for. Replace Replace the selection. Replace and Find Again. Replace the selection and search again forward. Replace All Replace all of occurances of the search string in the rest of the file. Goto Line… Go to specific line. Set Mark… Set permanent named mark. Goto Mark… Goto permanent named mark. Remove Mark… Remove permanent named mark. Utils Short Menus Remove some menus and menu items (proc shortMenus). Flags A submenu of Tcl flags to be turned on and off. Look under "Variables" for explanations of individual flags (proc editFlag). Vars Same as Flags, except these variables may be arbitrary integers or strings (proc editVar). File Utils Insert File… Insert the text of another file. Remove File… Remove a file. File Info… Display/edit info about a file. Word Count Count lines, words, chars in window (proc wordCount). FileSets Submenu allowing the "current" fileset to be specified. A fileset is a list of files used by various Alpha functions. (proc changeFileSet). Add File Set Create a fileset on the fly. (proc addFileSet) Execute Quick way to execute a Tcl command. TAB implements command completion. Push Mark Push onto a Last-In-First-Out stack of temporary marks (proc pushMark). Pop Mark Pop from LIFO stack (proc popMark). Prev Func Use the value of 'funcExpr' to search for the previous function definition (proc prevFunc). Next Func Use the value of 'funcExpr' to search for the next function definition (proc nextFunc). Start Keyboard Macro Start recording actions for later replay. End Keyboard Macro Stop recording actions. Execute Keyboard Macro Re-execute recorded actions. Dump keyboard Macro… Name and insert a Tcl proc implementing the last recorded sequence of actions. Misc List Bindings Create a new file containing all current key bindings. Describe Binding… Wait for a keystroke, then display that keystroke's binding. Insert Path Name… Prompt for a directory and insert result. Set Font Tabs… Change font and/or tabs for current file. Copy Named Clipboard… Copy selection to user-named clipboard. Cut Named Clipboard… Cut selection to user-named clipboard. Paste Named Clipboard… Paste from user-named clipboard. Ascii Etc Key Code… Wait for key press and insert keycode and modifier string suitable for key binding. Key Ascii… Same as above, but use ascii form. Get Ascii… Display ascii code for char to right of insertion. Insert Ascii… Prompt for ascii code and insert character. Modes Set different modes. Switch To Bring other apps to front. Mpw Shell Start a window that sends 'DOSC' events to Apple's toolserver. Load Electric Alias Load David Black's 'electricAlias' package. See the "Help" menu for more details (proc loadElectricAlias). Convert Fill Region "Fill" selection subject to 'leftFillColumn' and 'fillColumn', (proc fillRegion). Fill Paragraph "Fill" paragraph that contains the insertion (proc fillParagraph). Wrap Region Break lines longer than 'fillColumn' in selection (proc wrapRegion). Wrap Paragraph Break lines longer than 'fillColumn' in paragraph containing insertion pt (proc wrapParagraph). Sort Lines Sort selected lines (proc sortLines). Matching Lines Grab all lines from current position on that match a regular expression and dump in new buffer (proc matchingLines). Zap Invisibles Delete all chars in file w/ ASCII code < 32, except for LF, TAB and CR. Tabs To Spaces Convert tabs to space runs. Spaces To Tabs Convert space runs to tabs. Strings Insert Prefix Prepend string 'prefixString' to every line in selection (proc insertPrefix). Insert Suffix Append string 'suffixString' to every line in selection (proc insertSuffix). Remove Prefix Remove prefix string from lines in selection (proc removePrefix). Remove Suffix Remove suffix string from lines in selection (proc removeSuffix). Set Prefix… Change prefix string (proc setPrefix). Set Suffix… Change suffix string (proc setSuffix). Colors Fore Color… Set foreground color. Back Color… Set background color. Dump Colors Dump tcl script to set current colors. Paragraph To Line Convert paragraph to single long line, useful for exporting text to word processors (proc paragraphToLine). Line To Paragraph Convert long line to paragraph, useful for importing text from word processors (proc lineToParagraph). Help Edit help files (proc helpMenu). Wins Arrange Rearrange open windows. Zoom Zoom windows in and out. Iconify Replace window w/ small icon (proc iconify). Next Window Select next window (proc nextWindow). Swap With Next Swap topmost two windows (proc swapWithNext). Choose A Window Choose window to select from list (proc chooseAWindow). Prev Window Select previous window (proc prevWindow). Close All Close all windows (proc closeAll). Save All Save all dirty windows (proc saveAll). ============================================================================== = User-Defined Menus ============================================================================== Every one of Alpha's menus is defined in the initialization files that Alpha loads on startups. All can be altered or discarded at well. Alpha's menu commands allow the the user to build custom menus which contain names of functions, macros, or arbitary TCL commands that just HAVE to be in the menus, as opposed to being merely callable through the bindings. The syntax is dead simple. Menus can be nested, allowing heirachical menus to be defined. See the 'AlphaBits.tcl' file for examples (only the first three Alpha menus are hard-coded into the Application, the others are set up through the AlphaBits file). The following meta characters can be embedded in the strings: Meta-character Usage -------------- ----- ; or Return Separates multiple items. ^ Followed by an icon number, adds that icon to the item. ! Followed by a character, marks the item with that character. < Followed by B, I, U, O, or S, sets the character style of the item. / Followed by a character, sets up a keyboard equivalent. ( Disables the item. The menu creation syntax is : menu <-n name> [-p procName] [-m] "Tcl list of items" Where the arguments have the followings meanings: '-n <name>' Name of menu. '-m' No menu form. If not supplied, each menu item is split into words at each capitalized letter. '-p <pname>' Rather that having alpha call a Tcl proc named by the menu item's text, this option tells Alpha to call the tcl proc named by 'pname' with two arguments: the menu name, and the text of the menu item chosen. Once the menus are created, they can be inserted and deleted from the menu bar by the syntax: insertMenu "name" deleteMenu "name" as well as through macros. As alluded to above, Alpha attempts to make procedure names readable in the menus by separating words at any capitalized letter. For example, 'findFile' becomes "Find File". This function is turned off by the '-m' option. Menu items can be enabled and disabled through the TCL command 'enableMenuItem'. Menu items checkmarks can be turned on and off via 'markMenuItem'. Menu items can be appended via 'addMenuItem' and deleted via 'deleteMenuItem'. See the "Alpha Tcl Extensions" help file for syntax. If an ellipsis ('…') is the last character in a menu item, it is stripped off before searching for the function corresponding to the chosen item. ============================================================================== = Event Hooks ============================================================================== Alpha calls the TCL procs "openHook", "saveasHook", "closeHook", "activateHook", "deactivateHook", "suspendHook", and "resumeHook" when the corresponding events occur. With the exception of "saveasHook", the proc are all called with the complete pathname as the sole argument. "saveasHook" is called with the old pathname as the first argument and the new pathname as the second argument. Default implementations for these commands are in the file 'proc.tcl'. These commands can be modified to perform arbitrary commands, including saving of files, implementation of per-window variables, etc. ============================================================================== = Searching ============================================================================== ALPHA has a full repertoire of searching commands. The 'find' command brings up a dialog allowing the search and replacement text to be specified. The dialog also allows 'Forward', 'Ignore Case', 'Reg Expr', and 'Word Match' options to be set. These options can be toggled via the keyboard by clover-<first letter of option>. For example, clover-w toggles the 'Word Match' option. The 'Mult Files' option tells Alpha to search through all files in a given file set. Filesets can be specified in 'procs.tcl' (see the section on filesets) or on the fly, via the "Add Fileset…" item of the "Utils" menu. And finally, Alpha allows a library of useful search and replace texts to be defined as a tcl list of lists (each sublist containing a name, search text, and replacement text). This list, the 'patternLibrary' variable defined at the end of 'procs.tcl', is used to create a popup menu in the find dialog allowing these patterns to be easily entered. Once the text and options have been set, the 'Search' menu contains several commands for repeated searching, replacing, etc. ============================================================================== ==== Regular Expressions ============================================================================== If the variable 'regExpr' is true, the search functions interpret the search text as regular expressions, which have the following elements: c literal char. ^ beginning of line. $ end of line. . any character except carriage return. [...] character class, can use ranges such as '0-9'. inside classes. Matches one character of the enclosed choices. Ex: '[ac0-2]' matches 'a', 'c', '0', '1', or '2'. [^...] negated character class, matches anything but the enclosed characters. ']' can be included by putting it immediately after the '^'. \t tab. \r carriage return or line break. * zero or more occurrences of the previous pattern. Ex: 'ab*' matches 'a', 'ab', 'abb', 'abbb' etc. + one or more occurrences of the previous pattern. ? zero or one occurrences of the previous pattern. Ex: 'ab?' matches 'a' or 'ab'. a|b matches either a or b. If enclosed in parenthesis, the extent of the alternated expressions is limited. Ex: (pete|bob) matches either 'pete' or 'bob'. (...) The interior elements are grouped together. Regular expressions constructed from the above elements can be concatenated to create larger expressions. The parenthesis also define substrings of the total matched string that can be used either later during substitution. The substring delimited by the pair of parenthesis that includes the nth left paren is denoted \n, where n is 1, 2, .... 9. '\0' and '&' both refer to the matched text. EXAMPLE: The following regular expression will match either 'aabox' or 'bbbox': (aa|bb)box Regular expressions can be very difficult to master, but they the following section shows how useful they can be. The text used in searches and replaces can be accessed through the alpha variables 'searchStr' and 'replaceStr'. ============================================================================== = Incremental Searches ============================================================================== Emacs users will be happy that both forward and backward incremental searches are implemented. Incremental searches bypass the normal search dialog and search for the current text after each keystroke. The result is often much faster and less intrusive. Executing either while an incremental search is in progress causes the search to proceed to the next instance of the current text. Incremental search mode is exited when any other command (executed through the menus or through bindings that include at least one of the control key and the option key) is executed, or when the escape or delete key is used. ============================================================================== = 'C' Tags ============================================================================== ALPHA supports the use of tags to find declarations of functions. When searching for a tag, ALPHA looks for the tag file specified by the "tagFile" string variable. ALPHA's tag generating routines use the regular expression in the string variable "funcExpr" to look for function declarations. In other words, we don't parse the text. If you declare your functions differently, you can change " funcExpr" to suit your own style. Alpha currently uses the following regular expression to find C function declarations: ^[^ \t#\r/@][^\r]*$[^\r]*$$ (NOTE: the above expressions won't pick up many C++ method definitions. To pick them up, add a question mark '?' after the last right parenthesis.) Although complicated, this expression makes sense if you slowly wade through it. The string that we are looking for must take up an entire line. It must begin with a character other than '\t', '#', '\r', '/', ' ', or '@'. There must be a set of parenthesis. Note that not only can you customize this to your style of 'C' declarations, you could also use it to generate tags for other languages. The only thing you need to bear in mind is that the tag routines use the complete word previous to the first '(' in the selected line as the function's name. If there is no '(' in the selected line, the last word in the line is used. Therefore, Pascal procedures w/ or w/o parameters can be identified. ============================================================================== = "Fill" Routines ============================================================================== The "fill" and "wrap" routines reformat text to specified line lengths. This is useful in two case. First, word processors such as Microsoft Word only insert carriage returns at the end of paragraphs. Secondly, while typing and inserting text into pre-existing paragraphs, the line lengths become unequal. The "wrap" routine handles word processor documents quickly by merely inserting carriage returns as necessary to ensure all lines in the selected region are shorter than specified by the variable 'fillColumn'. Alpha asks the user if wrapping should be done whenever the user opens files that have lines longer than 'paraColumn' characters. The TCL routines 'fillRegion' and 'fillParagraph' go further. Not only do they break lines, but they also coalesce lines to eliminate short lines. Both routines work by stripping the relevent text of white space, then re-inserting white space and carriage returns so that no line extends past 'fillColumn' characters in length and begins with 'leftFillColumn' spaces characters. Both routines are implemented in the file 'procs.tcl', and therefore different definitions of paragraphs can be accomodated by modifying the appropriate TCL procedures. ============================================================================== = Titlebar Menus ============================================================================== If the value of the variable 'showMenuHeads' is non-zero, every text window contains two boxes in the title bar. By default, the first contains subboxes entitled "Func" and, "Mark". Depressing the mouse in these boxes bring up popup menus (Note, however, that there might only be one subbox, see below). The "Func" menu uses the regular expression defined by the string variable 'funcExpr' to create a popup menu containing a sorted list of all function definitions in the current file. Using regular expressions this way is not going to pick up all function definitions if your coding style is very different than what Alpha expects. If this is the case, you may need to play with the definition for 'funcExpr'. Selecting an item from this menu immediately displays the definition of that function. If the 'shift' key is depressed when the menu is created, the methods menu is not sorted. The 'sortedIsDefault' var reverses these semantics. The "Mark" menu displays a list of all permanent marks in the current file. Selecting an item from the menu causes the insertion to be placed at the corresponding mark. The behavior of the function menu can be changed dramatically by the user. The method-func routine uses 'funcExpr' to locate a line containing a C definition, and then another routine extracts the function name. If the variable 'funcTitle' is set to "Func", the label of the menu is "Func" and for each match found, a menu item is created with the text of the last word before the first left parenthesis in the match. For example, if the following is matched text: this is matched text (one (silly)) the word 'text' would be inserted into the popup menu as an item. If 'funcTitle' is set to a string other than "Func", two things happen. First, the contents of 'funcTitle' are used as the label for the func popup box. Second, Alpha adds a menu item constructed from the text inside the 'funcPar'th parenthesized expression in the match, where 'funcPar' is an Alpha variable of the same name. Note that the parenthesis in this case are part of the regular expression, the actual text may not have parenthesis at all, and probably doesn't. For more information on this, look at the manual page for regular expressions (in the "Help" menu). See the startup files for examples of both methods. If the window is opened through 'edit' or 'fileMenu' and has the '-m' option set, the mark menu is relabeled to the value of 'markLabel' and the other menu is removed entirely. This is mainly used for help files. And finally, the system interprets the following characters (see the section describing how to create menus): ';', '^', '!', '<', '/', and '('. These characters will be changed to periods in the titlebar menus. The function menu is limited to 150 items. ============================================================================== = Word Breaking ============================================================================== Alpha allows you to redefine it's internal notion of what a word is, through the variables 'wordBreak', and 'wordBreakPreface'. 'wordBreak' is set to a regular expression that defines a word to you. 'wordBreakPreface' should be a regular expression that matches exactly one of any characters that are not in your word definition. For instance, the default definition of 'wordBreak' is '[a-zA-Z0-9_]+'. This matches any contiguous sequence of contiguous alphanumeric characters, plus underscore. The default value for wordBreakPreface is '[^a-zA-Z0-9_]', basically just the negation of any any of the characters in your 'wordBreak' definition. The need for both these variables in backward searches can be seen as follows. Suppose your window's text is "hey hello", and the current insertion is between the two 'l's. Now, searching backwards for the above 'wordBreak' definition will take the insertion to between the 'e' and the first 'l', not really where we want to say is the start of the word. By contrast, if we search backwards for 'wordBreak' and 'wordBreakPreface' concatenated together, and then move forward one character after a successful search, we end up right before the 'h' in 'hello', just where we want to be. ============================================================================== = Defining and Using File Sets ============================================================================== File Sets are lists of files that Alpha uses for multiple-file searches and tag searches, among other things. Typically, a user will set up several different file sets in the AlphaBits.tcl file, perhaps one specifying all the source files in a project, another specifying all the Mac include files, and another specifying all the UNIX include files. When a command using file sets is initiated, Alpha evaluates the command "getCurrFileSet", which returns a list of complete pathnames to search. Some of the lists are set up explicitly (see the 'noGlobNecessary' definition in "procs.tcl"), while other file sets are defined at startup time through the use of file globbing. See the TCL manual page for a definition of "glob"ing. The definition of the variable "globNecessary" in "procs.tcl" shows how to to this. Functions that use file sets operate on the "current" fileset, which is specified by the 'fileSet' variable. The current file set can also be switched by using the "File Set" heirarchical menu. 5.02 includes a new Tcl proc 'addFileset', which allows a fileset to be created on the fly. This fileset remains usable until Alpha is restarted. It should be quite simple to use Tcl to make this new fileset permanent. A Tcl proc could also be written to create a heirarchical menus that has a submenu for each fileset, the items of each submenu being the files for that fileset. However, I'm not going to write everything... ============================================================================= = Keyboard Macros ============================================================================= Defining and Using Keyboard Macros ALPHA supports keyboard macros which record a sequence of keystrokes to be played back later w/ the function 'executeKeyboardMacro' (this function is also in the 'Utilities' menu) or written into a buffer by selecting 'Dump Macro' from the 'Utilities' menu. The dump function prompts you for a macro name, which must consist only of letters of the alphabet, digits, and '_'. These macro declarations can then be edited, loaded, and bound to keystrokes. Loading a macro or a binding is accomplished by hiliting the text and selecting the "Load Selection" item of the 'Customize' window. If no text is hilited, the entire window is loaded by the same command. Macros can be bound to keys in exactly the same manner as functions (see above). ============================================================================= = Undo + Redo ============================================================================= ALPHA supports unlimited undo and redo. This means that most changes can be undone, and then redone, at will. Bear in mind that once you create new modifications, all changes that you have undone but not redone are lost. Another point to bear in mind is that saving a buffer to disk currently flushes the undo buffer. ============================================================================= = Using Think C ============================================================================= Closed environments like Think present problems to the developer using other tools. However, the following tips should help: • After editing with Alpha, hit the 'Use Disk' button from the 'Build' menu item to force Think to check modification times for a build. • Move all your project source files into a single directory. Then insert a new entry into the 'noGlobNecessary' section of file "procs.tcl" w/ file pattern *.c. ============================================================================= = Rectangular Editing ============================================================================= If the option key is pressed while the mouse is dragged, a rectangular section of text is selected instead of the normal selection. This rectangular selection may extend over multiple lines, but contains only text between the column of the drag start and the column of the drag end. The drag cannot end on a column or row less than the start. This selection can be extended by option-shift-mouse, but not dragged further. The rectangular selection can be deleted, copied, and pasted. This is very useful for tables and arrays, such as in LaTeX. Usually, the operation will be intuitive. However, if you use proportional fonts the selection may appear ragged. If some of the line contain tabs, the result may not be want you want. Converting tabs to spaces in the desired region before attempting rectangular selection usually fixes the problems. The most natural semantics of rectangular selection aren't obvious. I chose to implement it in a similar fashion to that of Microsoft Word. Preditor does it in another way, and has many bugs (and it's commercial, hah!). ============================================================================= = Using LaTeX ============================================================================= As I am starting to write papers on my Mac using OzTeX, Alpha may migrate increasingly into the realm of LaTeX users. For starters, LaTeX support includes: • automatic word-wrapping. • fill paragraph and fill region commands. • support for changing paragraph definitions so that a backslash limits paragraph extent. • rectangular editing mode, useful for working with tables and arrays. • title-bar section menu. • suffix hook for .tex (see the section on suffix hooks) that can automatically enable all this. The only one of the above items that hasn't been explained is the title-bar section menu, which is specified by appropriate settings of 'funcExpr', funcTitle', and 'funcPar'. For files ending in ".tex", the title-bar contains a box labeled "Sect". Clicking on this box creates a popup menu containg all section definitions in the current file. Selecting one puts the cursor at the beginning of the section. See the Popup Menus section and the startup files for more information. In addition, distributions from 5.0 on include a ``latex.tcl'' file that has many useful latex'ing macros. Finally, "public/Alpha/contrib/smart.tcl" on cs.rice.edu contains macros that implement smart quotes. ============================================================================= = The (Dreaded) Option Key ============================================================================= ALPHA's default setup uses the command key like any other mac application. Problems arise in ALPHA's emulation of emacs key bindings. Emacs uses an escape key and a control key. Alpha's default configuration is set up for Mac II's. Emacs's escape and control keys are emulated by the Mac's corresponding keys. For Mac+'s, however, the situation is much more complicated. They don't have an escape key, so the the backquote key, '`', must be used instead. This can be set up by uncommenting the appropriate line in the "AlphaBits.tcl" file. Also, Mac+'s don't have control keys, so the option key can be used instead. However.... Using the option key isn't quite that simple. First, the option key is already used in two contexts. There may be other option bindings. Also, if the variable 'optionIsEscape' is set, the option key is treated as if it is an escape so as to allow single keystroke calls of Alpha functions. In order to use the option key as an escape key, this variable must be set to zero in the AlphaBits file. Also, all the relevant bindings must have their modifier strings changed from using 'z' to 'o'. There are other problems. Several option combinations are "dead keys" (option-e, option-o....), they are used to create bizarre (sorry to y'all non-Amuricans) characters through multiple keystrokes. Alpha can fix this by overlaying the system 'KCHR' resource with a private modified resource. This happens at startup time if the "AlphaBits.tcl" file specifies a zero value for the variable 'noRemapOption'. Unfortunately, this is just a US version of the resource, it won't work "fur the non-Amuricans". ============================================================================= = System Software 7.0 ============================================================================= Alpha is 32-bit clean and high-level event aware. Under 7.0, Alpha uses temporary memory to accommodate large files. This allows you to open multi-megabyte files even when Alpha's partition is set only at 512k, if the system has that much memory available. Note that using temporary memory makes that much memory unavailable to other applications. Contrary to all admonishments, Alpha does not unlock temporary memory across WaitNextEvent calls and may eventually use all the memory in your system. You can turn this feature off through 'tempMem'. Note, however, that the clipboard is allocated by the system in Alpha's heap, and therefore cannot take advantage of temporary memory. ============================================================================= = Apple Events ============================================================================= Alpha currently only supports only the four required high-level events (OpenApp, OpenDoc, PrintDoc, and QuitApp) and the DoScript ('dosc') event. Alpha accepts two types of parameters for DoScript: typeChar - Tcl text to be executed, and typeAlias - FSSpec of file to be sourced. Alpha returns the result of the last Tcl command executed. Alpha can also send 'dosc' Apple Events. See the 'dosc' command in the "Alpha Tcl Extensions" help file. And finally, there are the persistant rumors that Symantec will open up their system to third-party editors. If and when this happens, I'll accommodate their events as soon as they publish them. I am unable to work with MPW as I don't own it, but my understanding is that they do not yet supports "error" apple events, as I hope they eventually will. ============================================================================= = MPW ============================================================================= Alpha's 'dosc' capability (see the function "dosc") can be used to send events to MPW's ToolServer. Using about ten lines of C code and the ~40 lines of Tcl code in 'mpw.tcl', I created a pseudo mpw shell (look under the "Misc" menu). This shell uses Alpha's 'dosc' function to package each shell command up into an Apple Event and send it to the ToolServer, which then evaluates the command and returns the result to be displayed in the shell. I'm rather new to Apple Events and the ToolServer, so there are probably a few rough edges. If anyone has extensive docs for ToolServer I'd appreciate looking at them. I only have the application because I am a beta tester for another product that supports ToolServer. I was given the application for the beta testing, but not any docs. And of course, I can *not* give away copies of ToolServer because it is a licensed Apple product. Finally, Tom Moertel (thor@vivaldi.psu.edu) has written and provided a set of tools that make life easier while writing code in Alpha for the MPW environment. The tools make extensive use of Apple Events, so you must be using MPW 3.3a or greater. (Earlier versions cannot receive commands via Apple Events.) With the MPW-Alpha package you can: o Send TCL commands to Alpha from MPW o Use MPW 411 from Alpha for instant access to programming help o Automagically locate source code errors from your last MPW compile o Use the MPW CDent tool to reformat (grind) C/C++ source code from within Alpha This package is available via anonymous ftp from cs.rice.edu. ============================================================================= = File Formats ============================================================================= Alpha reads and writes files stored in three (or maybe four) different formats. The three main formats are mac (lines end with a carriage return), unix (lines end with linefeed), and IBM pc (lines end with both carriage return and linefeed. Typical, isn't it?). Alpha will transparently read and write all three of these formats. You don't have to do anything special to use different formats, but the 'SaveAs...' dialog allows you to specify the format that a file is written in through the 'Format' button. The fourth file format is just a modification of the ordinary mac format. Word processors such as Microsoft Word and MacWrite only put carriage returns at the end of paragraphs, so that they can wrap the paragraphs on the fly. This is what is referred to as 'paragraph format' in the rest of the help text. Alpha does not transparently convert to and from this format because there are valid reasons why someone might want to edit a paragraph formatted file while not in paragraph mode. Therefore, when Alpha detects reads a paragraph-mode file, it asks the user whether or not to remap it. Files can be mapped back to paragraph mode by setting 'fillColumn' to a very large number and executing 'fillRegion' on the text. ============================================================================= = Printing ============================================================================= The current window is printed through the "Page Setup..." and "Print..." File menu items. The variable 'suppressHeader' controls whether a header is printed on each page, 'leftMargin', 'topMargin', and 'bottomMargin' control margins on the printed page. ============================================================================= = Tips and other Miscellaneous Diversions... ============================================================================= • When a window is "dirty" (has unsaved changes), a diamond appears in the title bar and next to the corresponding item in the Windows menu. • All dialogs that have editable text can use the Cut, Copy, and Paste menu command equivalents. • In all dialogs, non-editable controls can be selected by typing Command-<first char of control>. If there are no editable controls in the dialog, simply typing the first letter of the desired control suffices. • Dirty windows are marked with a diamond in the window's title bar. The corresponding menu items in the 'Window' menu will also have a diamond mark next to it. • Set the flag 'undoOn' to 0 in order to speed up long replace-all and macro modifications. • After a piece of text has been yank'd or paste'd, the 'mark' is set to the beginning of the new text and the selection is at the end. 'markHilite' will now hilite the entire insertion. This is especially useful when moving code. Cut the code, insert at a new position, select the inserted text by selecting "Edit:Hilite", and then use "Edit:Shift Left" and "Edit: Shift Right" to move the text to the proper indentation. ============================================================================== = Alpha's Basic Commands ============================================================================== The following functions are called without any arguments and don't return values. They can be directly bound to keystrokes or put in menus. Menu item "Help:Alpha Tcl Extensions" produces a file that lists additional Alpha functions. Finally, procedures can be written in Tcl, Alpha's extension language. Procedures are explained in the Tcl manual page. • abortEm - aborts whatever is currently happening • alphaHelp - display Alpha help. • backColor - set background color • backwardCharSelect - extends selection one char back • backwardChar - moves insertion one char back • backwardDeleteWord - deletes previous word • backwardWord - moves insertion one char back • balance - selects smallest set of parens, braces, or brackets that encloses the current selection • beginningBufferSelect - extend selection to the beginning of the buffer • beginningLineSelect - extend selection to the beginning of the line • beginningOfBuffer - move insertion to the beginning of the buffer • beginningOfLine - move insertion to the beginning of the line • capitalizeRegion - capitalize all words in selected region • capitalizeWord - capitalize word • centerRedraw - redraw window with current line in the middle. • clear - clear selected text • closeAll - close all windows • copy - copy region • createTagFile - searches all files in current file set and saves the locations of any function declarations in a file called 'cTAGS'. • currentPosition - displays current and total bytes. • cut - deletes and saves region • deleteChar - delete char AFTER cursor • deleteSelection - delete current position, don't save • deleteWord - delete word after cursor • describeBinding - display the binding of the next typed key sequence. • downcaseRegion - changes all uppercase letters to lowercase in current region • downcaseWord - changes all uppercase letters to lowercase in current word • dumpColors - dump current foreground and background colors into the current buffer in Alpha-readable format. • dumpMacro - prompts for a name and then dumps a tcl proc representation of the current keyboard macro into the current window. • endBufferSelect - extend selection to the end of the buffer • endKeyboardMacro - stop recording keyboard macro • endLineSelect - extend selection to the end of line • endOfBuffer - move insertion to the end of the buffer • endOfLine - move insertion to the end of the line • exchangePointAndmark - exchange the current 'mark' w/ the current insertion point • execute - prompt user for a function or macro. The tab key acts as a "completion" command. • executeKeyboardMacro - execute the current keyboard macro • fileInfo - prompts for a file, and displays type, creator, sizes of both data and resource forks, last modification time, and creation time • fileRemove - prompts for a file, and removes it • findTag - prompt user for a function name and attempt to use the file 'cTAGS' to locate the function's definition • find - bring up the find dialog • findFile - open a file in a new window • foreColor - set foreground (text) color • forwardCharSelect - extend selection one character forward • forwardChar - move insertion one character forward • forwardWord - move insertion one word forward • freeMem - give a rough approximation of the current memory reserves of ALPHA • getAscii - displays the ASCII code for character at current insertion point • getPathName - present the user w/ a SFGetFIle dialog and paste the complete path-name of the chosen file into the current window • gotoLine - go to a line number • gotoMark - goto named mark, use 'mark' in macros. • includeFile - expand the current selection to include the suffix and use the var 'includePath' to try to find the include file. • indentLine - semi-intelligent indent. If cursor is before first non-white space of line, the line is indented and the selection is placed at the start of the non-white space text • insertAscii - prompts for an ASCII code and inserts into text. • insertFile - prompts for a file name and inserts the corresponding file into the current window. Not undoable. • insertPathName - present the user w/ a SFGetFIle dialog and paste the complete path-name of the chosen file into the current window • insertToTop - make the line that the insertion point is on the first line shown, and display the current line number along w/ the total number of lines in file • isearch - incremental search: searches w/o a dialog, searches as you type the search pattern. Does not do regular expression searches. 'matchWords' automatically set to false. • iterationCount - allows actions to be repeated many times. "option-u 44 =" inserts 44 '='s into current window. Also can be used to execute any function or macro (including the keyboard macro) many times. • keyAscii - insert ascii representation (in decimal) of the keydown event, plus a modifier string, if necessary. • keyCode - insert the key code along w/ a string representing and modifiers into the current window. Can be used to create bindings in 'Alphabits'. • killLine - kill text from insertion point to the end of the line. If the line has no text, delete the line and move succeeding lines up one. • killWindow - kill current window • listBindings - list all current bindings. • load - loads hilited text, or entire window if nothing is hilited. 'load'ing means that whatever bindings or macro definitions are present in the loaded text take effect • markHilite - This is the 'Hilite' from the 'Edit' menu. If there is a currently hilited selection, the selection is unhilited, leaving the mark and the insertion point around the old selection. If there is not a selection, the region between the insertion point and the mark is selected. • matchBrace - moves the insertion point to the character that matches the character after the current insertion point • moveInsertionHere - move the insertion point to the first line displayed • new - opens an untitled window • nextLineSelect - extend selection to the next line • nextLine - move insertion point to next line • nextWindow - select next window • oneSpace - converts whitespace surrounding insertion into a single space. • openLine - insert a new line following the current one and move the insertion point to it • pageBack - display prev screenful, move the insertion point if 'moveInsertion' enabled • pageForward - display next screenful, move the insertion point if 'moveInsertion' enabled • pageSetup - display the printing PageSetup dialog. • paste - insert the last chunk of text created by 'cut' or 'copy' • prefixChar - used to further modify the next keystroke combination, in the same manner as using the shift key in the next keystroke • prevLineSelect - extend selection to the previous line • prevWindow - select previous window • previousLine - move insertion point to the previous line • print - print front window • quit - quits ALPHA • rectMarkHilite - creates a rectangular selection between the mark and the insertion point. • redo - redo the next action that has been undone but not redone • removeMark - allows marks to be removed. • repeatSearchBackward - repeat search backward • repeatSearchForward - repeat search forward • restoreVars - restore variables to saved state, see 'saveVars' • revert - revert the file to it's last saved version • rsearch - reverse incremental search, see 'isearch'. • save - save current window • saveAs - save current window with new name • saveVars - save variable state, see 'restoreVars' • scrollDownLine - same action as that which occurs when the down arrow in the vertical scrollbar is selected • scrollLeftCol - same action as that which occurs when the left arrow in the horizontal scrollbar is selected • scrollRightCol - same action as that which occurs when the right arrow in the horizontal scrollbar is selected • scrollUpLine - same action as that which occurs when the up arrow in the vertical scrollbar is selected • searchEnter - use current selection for future searches • searchNext - search next file. • searchRall - replace all further occurrences in the current file • searchReplace - replace the current selection • searchRfa - replace the current selection and find next occurrence • setMark - set the current mark to the insertion point • setFontsTabs - bring up font and tab dialog • setNamedMark - set named mark • shell - open the Tcl shell. • shiftLeftRegion - shifts the current region left a tab • shiftRightRegion - shift the current region right a tab • sortMarks - sorts all marks of open windows, w/o setting the dirty flag. If the files are saved, the marks will be saved in alphabetical order. • spacesToTabs - convert spaces in selection to tabs • startEscape - used to further modify the next keystroke combination, in the same manner as using the shift key in the next keystroke • startKeyboardMacro - start recording keyboard macro • tab - insert a tab • tabsToSpaces - convert tabs in selection to spaces. • tclFileCompletion - completes the previous word as a file is in a shell window • undo - undo the last action that has not been undone • upcaseRegion - convert all lowercase letters to uppercase in the current region • upcaseWord - convert all lowercase letters to uppercase in the current word • wrap - see the section on "Fill" routines. • yank - insert the last piece of deleted text of less than 1k. Consecutive deletes are concatenated. together. • zapInvisibles - removes chars < ascii 32, except for LF's and CR's. • zoom - zooms the current window ============================================================================= = Variables ============================================================================= There are two different kinds of variables in the Alpha world. These are internal variables and Tcl variables. You can only directly access the latter. However, the internal variables can be modified by creating a Tcl variable of the same name and "binding" it to its internal counterpart via the 'shadowVar' command (See the "Alpha Tcl Extensions" file under the "Help" menu for 'shadowVar's syntax). The following is a listing of the internal variables that can be bound using 'shadowVar': autoSave • If TRUE, buffers (except untitled buffers) are automatically saved every 'changesLim' changes. backExtension • suffix to add to file name to create name of backup file. Initially ".BAK". backup • if TRUE, Alpha makes a backup of every file before writing new data. backupFolder • if 'backupFolder' is true and the folder named by 'backupFolderName' is on the same volume as the original, the backup file is created in the 'backupFolderName' folder. backupFolderName • name of folder to place backups. bwWindows • if true, Alpha will use 1-bit windows even if color is available. This speeds refresh quite a bit on slow color machines such as the IIsi. changesLim • number of changes to a window before garbage collection or autosave is done. currFileSet • name of currently selected file set. defaultFont • font to use on new windows and files which don't have associated font specification resources. defHeight • If 'fullScreen' set, this is default height in pixels. defWidth • If 'fullScreen' set, this is default width in pixels. elecLBrace • Electric 'C' left brace on. elecRBrace • Electric 'C' right brace on. electricSemi • Electric 'C' semicolon on. fillColumn • Number of columns use as limit for "fill" routines. See 'leftFillColumn' fontSaving • if '-1', Alpha never saves font info, if '1', Alpha always saves font info, '0', Alpha saves font info if the font or size is different than the default. fontSize • Default size of fonts used to display files. fullNames • Windows display pathnames instead of mere file names. fullScreen • If on, all windows are start in the same place, and have the dimension specified by 'defHeight' and 'defWidth'. funcPar • Used in defining the "Func" title-bar menu, see Alpha help. funcExpr • Set to the regular expression that ALPHA uses to find function declarations. funcTitle • Text to put in title-bar menu header. See the Popup-Menus section for more information. horScrollBar • If set, use horizontal scrollbar. includePath • A list of the path-names of the directories to search for include files, separated by semi-colons, such as: "Disk:C:edit;Disk:C:THINK C:include;" The current directory can be included by using consecutive semi-colons as: "Disk:C:edit;Disk:C:THINK C:inc;;" indentOnCR • Auto-indent on carriage return. leftFillColumn • Number of blanks left at beginning of lines by 'fill' routines. markLabel • If a window is opened through either 'edit' or 'fileMenu' and the '-m' option was set, this string is used as the label of the marks menu. markSorting • Controls the order in which marks are saved into a file. '0' means the order in which they are defined, '1' means file order, and '2' means alphabetical order. moveInsertion • if true, 'pageBack' and 'pageForward' move the insertion point numWinsToTile • specifies the number of windows tile commands should affect. openAllFIles • if true, or it option key down, files of all types are openable, not just 'TEXT'. optionIsMeta • If set, the key combination with escape is used instead of the option key combination. Note that some combinations with option chars are dead keys. paraColumn • Alpha automatically wraps files that contains lines longer than this. posActivate • If true, then merely moving the mouse over a window activates. For those X11-twm lovers. powerThumb • If true, vertical scrollbars have power thumbs. protoFile • name of file to dump prototypes into. replaceStr • Text for the search and replace functions. savedState • set to either "mpw", "think", or "none" depending on how much information you wish Alpha to save in the resource fork of the files you edit. See the "Files" section of this file for more information. searchStr • Text for the search and replace functions. showRowCol • if set, row and col are continuously displayed in the title bar. showMenuHeads • If set, the function and mark menus can be selected from the title bar. sortColumn • column to use for sort routine. sortedIsDefault• if set, sorted is the default for function and section menus. suppressHeader • Suppress header on printed pages. tabSize • Default number of characters per tab. tagFile • complete path-name of tag file tempMem • if zero, Alpha will not use temporary memory. undoOn • used to turn undo on and off. When undo is turned off, all undo info is lost. Useful when doing global replaces, etc. wordBreak • Regular expression used to defines words for all internal operations. wordBreakPreface • Prepended to 'wordBreak' when looking backwards for a word. See the "Word Break" section of this file for more information. wordWrap • if true, lines exceeding 'fillColumn' in length are automatically wrapped during normal text insertion (typing)